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Calculating interaction between a highly charged high-speed ion and a solid surfacePhysical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics), Vol. 77, No. 4. (2008)
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AbstractA density functional technique for calculating interactions between highly charged ions and solids is presented, and the application of this technique to the simulation of an Ar7+ ion passing through a graphene sheet is demonstrated. The simulation is initiated with electronic states obtained by superimposing the individual electronic states of an ion and a solid. When the ion starts to move, the real-time propagation of all electron wave functions is treated. Also presented is a technique for gradually accelerating an ion up to a targeted velocity in order to minimize electronic excitations in the ion even without interaction with a solid surface. These techniques are suitable for analyzing bombardment of solids by highly charged, high-speed ions.
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