Gabapentin activates spinal noradrenergic activity in rats and humans and reduces hypersensitivity after surgery.

@article{citeulike:2519385, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Gabapentin has been reported to inhibit various acute and chronic pain conditions in animals and humans. Although the efficacy of gabapentin depends on the alpha2delta subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels, its analgesic mechanisms in vivo are still unknown. Here, the authors tested the role of spinal noradrenergic inhibition in gabapentin's analgesia for postoperative pain. METHODS: Gabapentin was administered orally and intracerebroventricularly to rats on the day after paw incision, and withdrawal threshold to paw pressure was measured. The authors also measured cerebrospinal fluid concentration of norepinephrine and postoperative morphine use after surgery in patients who received oral placebo or gabapentin. RESULTS: Both oral and intracerebroventricular gabapentin attenuated postoperative hypersensitivity in rats in a dose-dependent manner. This effect of gabapentin was blocked by intrathecal administration of the alpha2-adrenergic receptor antagonist idazoxan and the G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel antagonist tertiapin-Q, but not by atropine. In humans, preoperative gabapentin, 1,200 mg, significantly increased norepinephrine concentration in cerebrospinal fluid and decreased morphine requirements. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that gabapentin activates the descending noradrenergic system and induces spinal norepinephrine release, which produces analgesia via spinal alpha2-adrenoceptor stimulation, followed by activation of G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channels. The authors' clinical data suggest that gabapentin activates the descending noradrenergic system after preoperative oral administration at the time of surgery. These data support a central mechanism of oral gabapentin to reduce postoperative pain and suggest that this effect could be magnified by treatments that augment the effect of norepinephrine release.}, address = {Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Study of Pharmacologic Plasticity in the Presence of Pain, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, North Carolina 27157-1009, USA.}, author = {Hayashida, K. and DeGoes, S. and Curry, R. and Eisenach, J. C. }, citeulike-article-id = {2519385}, issn = {0003-3022}, journal = {Anesthesiology}, keywords = {gabapentin}, month = {March}, number = {3}, pages = {557--562}, posted-at = {2008-03-12 10:23:47}, priority = {3}, title = {Gabapentin activates spinal noradrenergic activity in rats and humans and reduces hypersensitivity after surgery.}, url = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17325515}, volume = {106}, year = {2007} }

TY - JOUR ID - citeulike:2519385 L3 - citeulike-article-id:2519385 TI - Gabapentin activates spinal noradrenergic activity in rats and humans and reduces hypersensitivity after surgery. JF - Anesthesiology VL - 106 IS - 3 SP - 557 EP - 562 AD - Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Study of Pharmacologic Plasticity in the Presence of Pain, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, North Carolina 27157-1009, USA. SN - 0003-3022 N2 - BACKGROUND: Gabapentin has been reported to inhibit various acute and chronic pain conditions in animals and humans. Although the efficacy of gabapentin depends on the alpha2delta subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels, its analgesic mechanisms in vivo are still unknown. Here, the authors tested the role of spinal noradrenergic inhibition in gabapentin's analgesia for postoperative pain. METHODS: Gabapentin was administered orally and intracerebroventricularly to rats on the day after paw incision, and withdrawal threshold to paw pressure was measured. The authors also measured cerebrospinal fluid concentration of norepinephrine and postoperative morphine use after surgery in patients who received oral placebo or gabapentin. RESULTS: Both oral and intracerebroventricular gabapentin attenuated postoperative hypersensitivity in rats in a dose-dependent manner. This effect of gabapentin was blocked by intrathecal administration of the alpha2-adrenergic receptor antagonist idazoxan and the G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel antagonist tertiapin-Q, but not by atropine. In humans, preoperative gabapentin, 1,200 mg, significantly increased norepinephrine concentration in cerebrospinal fluid and decreased morphine requirements. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that gabapentin activates the descending noradrenergic system and induces spinal norepinephrine release, which produces analgesia via spinal alpha2-adrenoceptor stimulation, followed by activation of G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channels. The authors' clinical data suggest that gabapentin activates the descending noradrenergic system after preoperative oral administration at the time of surgery. These data support a central mechanism of oral gabapentin to reduce postoperative pain and suggest that this effect could be magnified by treatments that augment the effect of norepinephrine release. KW - gabapentin AU - Hayashida, K AU - DeGoes, S AU - Curry, R AU - Eisenach, JC PY - 2007/03// UR - http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17325515 ER -